Ownership and Funding.

OWNERSHIP CONCEPTS

• Public Service Broadcasting (PSB):

Public service broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. In much of the world, funding comes from the government, especially via annual fees charged on receivers. The most widely popular public service broadcaster in the UK is the BBC.

• Commercial Broadcasting:

Commercial Broadcasting, also known as private broadcasting, is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship. An example of a commercial broadcaster would be ITV.

• Corporate and Private Ownership:

A privately held company or close corporation is a business company owned neither by non-governmental organizations nor by a relatively small number of shareholders or company members which do not offer or trade its company stock to the general public on the stock market, but is rather traded or exchanged privately. Virgin Media are a privately owned company.

• Global Companies:

Global Companies, or Global Multinational Enterprises, are massive companies that work on a global scale working and controlling different stores and other companies around the world, as opposed to companies that work on a regional scale. A perfect example of a global company would be Unilever, they oversee many different products that are sold around the world and makes a huge sum of money from doing so.

• Vertical & Horizontal Integration:

A horizontal integration consists of companies that acquire a similar company in the same industry, while a vertical integration consists of companies that acquire a company that operates either before or after the acquiring company in the production process. Walt Disney is a good example for this as they have bought many companies such as Lucasarts and Marvel Studios. 

FUNDING TYPES

• The Licence Fee:

An annual fee, used to finance the BBC, which is payable by each household in which television programmes are watched. Or a fee paid to an organization for permission to own, use, or do something. For example, you have to pay a certain sum of money in order to keep your TV. If not paid, it will be taken from you until payed.

• Subscription:

A subscription is when someone pays a monthly or yearly fee to gain special access to websites and other things such as Netflix or Amazon Prime.

• One-off payment:

A one-off payment is when you purchase something that only needs to be purchased once such as DVD's, CD's and magazines. At which point you can watch them over and over again without having to pay for them every time you wish to do so.

• Pay Per View: 

Pay-Per-View is a type of payed television service by which a subscriber can purchase different media content, mainly films, to watch via a private telecast. A service that does pay-per-view would be Sky Box Office. 

• Sponsorship:

A sponsorship is when a person, firm, or an organization, finances and buys the time to broadcast a radio or television program so as to advertise a product, a political party, etc. A fine example of this is this year, AO had sponsored Britain's Got Talent, and so at the start of every advert sequence, there would be a message saying "Britain's Got Talent, sponsored by AO.com".

• Advertising:

Advertising is when a company shows off a product that has either been recently released or is going to be released, in order to grab the attention of the viewer, in hope that they will go an buy their product. As seen here McDonald's is advertising their burgers and are making them look delicious. In hope that the viewers will go to buy these.

• Product Placement:

Product Placement is a practice in which manufacturers of goods or providers of a service gain exposure for their products by paying for them to be featured in films and television programmes. In a lot of movies there will be scenes in which other products will be shown off. For example, in the program 'The Big Bang Theory' there is a Scene in which the character Sheldon cannot decide whether he wants a PS4 or Xbox One, both brands are seen in the shot.

• Private Capital:

Private Capital is a broad label applied to any private investment fund that invests in the equity or debt securities of privately held companies, real estate and other real assets. An example of this would be Facebook as it is a privately held company.

• Crowd-Funding:

Crowd funding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people who each contribute a relatively small amount, typically via the Internet. For example, 'Pizza for Heroes' set a goal of $500 and then got a grand total of $636.

• Development Funds:

Market development funds are used in an indirect sales channel where funds are made available by a manufacturer or brand to help affiliates, channel partners, re-sellers, or distributors, etc. Sell its products and create local awareness about the national brand. An example of film development funding would be BFI (British Film Institute). They support film makers by providing funds for their development and production of their films that they will be making.