The persistence of vision:
Persistence of vision refers to the optical illusion that occurs when visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye
Thaumatropes:
The Thaumatrope was invented by John Ayrton Paris who was a English physician. The Thaumatrope is a piece of circular paper with string attached to either side. There are two images on each side of the paper and when spun and a rapid speed. The images look as if they are blending together to make one image.
Phenakistoscope:
The Phenakistoscope was invented by in 1832 by the Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau. The phenakistoscope was the first widespread animation device that created a fluent illusion of motion. The phenakistoscope is regarded as one of the first forms of moving media entertainment. It is sometimes compared to a GIF animation since both show a short continuous loop.
Zoetrope:
The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William George Horner. A zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that creates the illusion of moving images at progressive pace. To see these animated images you have to be looking through a little slit on the side of the device.
Praxinoscope:
The Praxinoscope was created by Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1877. It was adapted and based off the previous animation device known as the zoetrope. But the Praxinoscope uses a flat surface and mirrors to project the animated, moving images. This makes viewing these images a lot easier. And can be seen from any angle.
Kinetoscopes:
The Kinetoscope was invented in 1889 by Thomas Eddison. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole at the top of the device. The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector, but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before videos. By moving a strip of paper across the device the viewer could see the illusion of movement.
PART 2:
George Pal
Date and Place of birth: George Pal was born February 1st, 1908 in Hungary.
His inspiration: After he moved to Berlin he founded Trickfilm-Studio GmbH Pal and Wittke. After his award for 'Puppetoons' in the US. He moved to live-action filming.
Examples of his animations: George Pal's animations were known as puppetoons. Puppetoons were a series of puppets that are stop motion animated, mostly known in the 'Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm'
Willis O'Brien
Date and place of birth: Willis Harold O'Brien was born in the USA, March 2nd 1886.
His inspiration: Willis spent a lot of his spare time molding and sculpting creatures, which led him into animating.
Examples of his animations: Willis was also another stop motion animator and animated dinosaurs in 'Monsters of the Past'. These dinosaurs were modelled out of clay.
Ray Harryhausen
Date and place of birth: Ray Harryhausen was born in June on the 29th, 1920. Ray was an American stop motion animator.
His inspiration: After seeing King Kong on its original release, Ray began to experiment with different models and animations, which eventually lead him into animation as his full time career. His early models urged him to take classes in graphic design and sculpting to improve his skills.
Examples of his animations: Ray created and animated a variety of different creatures and monsters that were used in feature films.
Phil Tippett
Date and place of birth: Phil Tippet was born in September on the 27th, 1951. California.
His inspiration: Phil had seen what Ray Harryhausen had done and he knew what he wanted to do in the future, and so was inspired to become an animator.
Examples of his animations: Phil works on stop motion animations and a piece of his work includes when he was hired by George Lucas to create the miniature chess scene from the original Star Wars.
Otmar Gutmann
Date and place of birth: Otmar Gutmann was born in 1937, April 24, in Germany.
His inspiration: Not much is said about Otmar's inspirations or much of his early life either.
Examples of his animations: Otmar Gutmann was most well known for his animated TV children's show, 'Pingu'. Otmar was also a stop motion animator.
Tim Burton & Henry Selik
Date and place of birth: Tim Burton was born in America on the 25th of August, 1958. Henry Selik was also born in America, November 30th, 1952.
His inspiration: He started off working for Disney as a animator, storyboard artist and concept artist.
Examples of his animations: Tim Burton is a stop motion animator and has made films such as 'The nightmare before Christmas' and 'Frankenweenie'. Henry Selik is also a stop motion animator and has worked alongside Tim Burton in the making of 'The nightmare before Christmas' and has also directed 'Coraline'.
Adam Shaheen
Date and place of birth: Adam Shaheen was born 13 October 1964 and is a British-Canadian Animator.
His inspiration: Adam Shaheen always wanted to make high quality animations but also inspire others to do great in all kinds of performances as well.
Examples of his animations: Adam has made lots of different types of animations, all of which are from his own company known as 'Cuppa Coffee Studios'.
The Brothers Quay
Date and place of birth: Brothers Quay are twin brothers born on June 17th, 1947 and are American.
His inspiration: Both brothers moved to England to study at the Royal College of Art, London. Timothy studied illustration and Stephen studied film.
Examples of his animations: They are both stop motion animators and are known for their work known as 'The chairs' and also 'Street of Crocodiles'.
Nick Park
Date and place of birth: Nick Park was born in England, December 6th, 1958.
His inspiration: Nick went to Cuthbert Mayne High School. At 13 years of age Nick loved to draw cartoons and make short films with the help from his mother and her home movie camera and cotton bobbins.
Examples of his animations: Nick Park is a stop motion animator and he most well known work is known as 'Wallace and Gromit'.
PART 3:
TV Programme:
Pingu appeals to children as it is light-hearted and funny. The animation is made with clay and in the past all of the animations made with clay have been for children.
Feature Film:
Yet again more clay animations. This Wallace and Gromit film is also indented for younger audiences. Frankenweenie is a PG rated film so this is appealing to younger children.
Advertisement:
These appeal to teenagers as they are the ones to most likely be eating those kind of snacks at their age.
Music Video:
These songs appeal to the younger generation because a lot of teenagers and kids in todays day and age are listening to these kind of songs.
Ident:
This Lego ident is light hearted and funny so this would really appeal to anyone who would watch E4 and then it could hopefully make them come back and watch more of that channel.
CONSLUSION:
In conclusion, I believe that stop motion animation was created for the younger audiences like children. I think this is because the majority of the stop motion animations that have been created are usually comedic, funny or child friendly. There are not many stop motion animations that are not suitable for children to watch. I think in the future stop motion animation will not disappear, however I do think that it will not be as common as it has been in the past. This is because technology and computer animation has taken over the media industry and the outcome of digital animations are far greater than those of stop motion animations.
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